The Success of CBC at Pre-Primary Level

Contributed to by Bernice Amenya, Headteacher Makini School Migosi

Early Years Education within the Competency Based Curriculum (C.B.C) accommodates pre-primary, which we commonly refer to as pre-school and comprises of learners aged 3-6 years, and lower primary which caters for Grade 1 to Grade 3. The Pre-school education forms the foundation years for all other academic levels. Therefore, it is a very crucial stage in a child`s academic, social, emotional and physical development.

To fully embrace the new C.B.C in pre-primary, educators have to ensure they incorporate tools for experiential learning. In the instance of Makini as a benchmark, we are keen on enabling all our learners to develop the Core Competencies of the curriculum; communication and collaboration, critical thinking and problem solving, imagination and creativity, citizenship, learning to learn, self-efficacy and digital literacy. These competencies are embedded in all the learning areas. The teachers always endeavor to deliver a 21st century lesson which is learner-centered, child friendly and one that sets us apart from other education providers. This, they achieve by employing fun-filled learning experiences that ignite the urge of our learners to acquire new skills, knowledge and competencies. They are willing and happy to learn.

One of the ways in which we achieve this love for learning in our lessons is by incorporating plenty of play during lessons. For instance, a Number Work lesson will not miss exciting games such as the Jenga puzzles, where learners arrange and rearrange blocks to come up with different number values and number sequences. Likewise, in a Language Activity lesson, fishing and the Scrabble game enrich learning experiences. Consequently, all these and more fun-filled learning approaches help develop the imagination and creativity, critical thinking and problem solving of our learners, as they solve word and number puzzles, as well as communication and collaboration as there is a lot of conversation and coordination going on during the games. Furthermore, the learning games help impart values such as patience and respect as learners take turns to play with the puzzles.

Digital literacy is another competency which is at the very heart of learning in the modern world. Where and when possible, lessons can be enriched with short, content related videos, songs and virtual games. Once again, apply an example, I have embraced the use of live worksheets via links sent to respective WhatsApp class groups by class teachers on a weekly basis. Currently, WhatsApp/ the use of mobile phones allows for wider access vis-à-vis the increased ability for a parent to acquire an affordable smart phone. Children to do not need to have their own devices and can use the worksheet time as bonding time with their parents and this has supported the aspect of parental involvement and real time feedback on a child’s progress.

To enhance further practical skills acquisition and to help mold an all rounded pre-school learner, we came up with a Skill Board Room where learners are guided on performing basic tasks such as shoe lace tying, zipping, switching sockets on and off, trimming finger nails, among other life skills. To the little learners, it is always an adventure to learn to perform these tasks that they can relate with what is done within their home and school environment. Such skills instils in our learners a sense of responsibility. These basic but important skills make learning authentic and further help prevent the likelihood of boredom. How fulfilling it is to see the little faces beam up with smiles at the mention of Skill Board Room!

The Competency Based Curriculum in pre-primary can be enhanced and explored in many varied ways using materials that educators have access to within their environment. A little creativity foes a long way. From the use of learning games, live worksheets, skill boards among other learner-centered learning approaches, it is clear that the implementation of the Competency Based Curriculum can be placed at the heart of the day to day activities of a pre-primary. My greatest motivation is to see learners always looking forward to coming to school!

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Building Executive Function Skills in Primary School Children

February 10, 2026

Executive function skills are the mental processes that help children plan, focus, remember instructions and manage their behaviour. These skills act as the brain’s “control system,” guiding how children think, learn and interact with others. In primary school, strong executive function supports academic success as well as emotional maturity, independence and positive social behaviour. For parents and educators alike, understanding how these skills develop is critical to supporting child brain development in meaningful, practical ways. What Are Executive Function Skills? Executive function skills are commonly grouped into three core areas: 1. Working memory: This is the ability to hold and use information. For example, remembering multi-step instructions. 2. Cognitive flexibility. This is the ability to adapt, shift thinking and try new approaches. 3. Inhibitory control: This is the ability to pause, resist impulses and regulate behaviour. When a child remembers their homework, switches from maths to reading and waits their turn to speak, they are using executive functioning in kids in everyday situations. These skills develop gradually and are shaped by experience, guidance and environment. This is especially true during early and primary years. Read more on why early development is important. Why Executive Function Skills Matter in Primary School In school settings, executive skills directly affect learning as well as behaviour. · Working memory in children helps them to follow lessons · Self-regulation skills for students assists in managing emotions · Improving attention in school children is essential during tasks · Impulse control in classrooms helps to reduce disruptions Learners with strong executive functioning are better able to complete tasks, organise their work, manage frustration and collaborate with their peers. These skills also support independence and help children take responsibility for routines, deadlines and their personal behaviour. Key Challenges Children Might Face Some common signs of underdeveloped executive skills include: · Forgetting instructions or losing items · Struggling to switch between different tasks · Acting impulsively or interrupting the class · Difficulty managing emotions · Poor time awareness These challenges don’t mean that a child is lazy or incapable. They often reflect developing brain systems that simply need a little guidance and practice. How Parents Can Support Executive Function at Home Parents play a powerful role in shaping executive function. Simple daily strategies can be incorporated into their day to strengthen these skills naturally. Some helpful approaches include: 1. Create Structured Routines Consistent daily routines help children predict what comes next, strengthening organisation as well as emotional regulation. 2. Use Visual Schedules Charts or picture schedules support working memory in children by making expectations visible. 3. Play Memory and Focus Games Try matching card games, Simon Says, puzzles and sequencing games. These support attention, recall and flexible thinking. 4. Encourage Problem-Solving Let children help with cooking steps, packing school bags and planning simple outings. This builds independence and cognitive flexibility in primary education. When there is strong parental engagement, there is a direct impact on executive growth. Discover more on the impact of parental involvement . Classroom Strategies for Teachers Teachers are ideally positioned to reinforce executive skills on a daily basis. Some effective classroom strategies include: 1. Task chunking - Break assignments into smaller steps to reduce cognitive overload. 2. Use of timers and checklists – These are known to improve time awareness and self-regulation skills for students. 3. Positive Reinforcement - Praise effort, strategy and reflection, not just the outcomes. 4. Mindfulness and calm-down techniques - Simple breathing, quiet corners or reflection time can help strengthen emotional control and attention. These strategies are especially valuable in supporting impulse control in classrooms and improving overall learning flow. When to Seek Extra Help If challenges persist despite consistent support, children may benefit from professional assessment. Some signs for parents and educators to watch for include: · Chronic forgetfulness · Extreme impulsivity · Emotional dysregulation · Difficulty following basic routines Educational psychologists or SEN specialists can help identify neurodivergent patterns (such as ADHD) and guide tailored interventions. Early support ensures children build confidence rather than frustration. Encouraging Growth Through Play and Daily Practice Play is one of the most powerful tools for executive development. Activities that build executive function include: · Storytelling and role-play · Group games - Consider turn-taking or rule-based games · Pretend shops or restaurants · Reflection discussions about feelings or decisions These experiences strengthen executive functioning in kids in a natural and pressure-free way. Schools that prioritise early holistic learning , such as in strong preschool systems, give children a strong base for future academic success. Conclusion: Building Brains for Life Executive function skills are not fixed traits. They are trainable abilities that grow through consistent support, practice and patience. From working memory to impulse control, these skills shape how children learn, behave and relate to others. At Makini School we aim to create a supportive environment where our educators can nurture strong thinkers, confident learners and emotionally resilient students, building not just academic success, but lifelong capability. FAQs 1. What are the three main executive function skills in children? Working memory, cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control. 2. How can I tell if my child has weak executive functioning? Frequent forgetfulness, impulsivity, emotional difficulty and poor organisation are common signs. 3. What are fun activities to boost executive function in young children? Memory games, storytelling, puzzles, role-play and routine-based tasks. 4. How do executive function skills affect learning in school? They support focus, task completion, emotional control and classroom behaviour. 5. Can executive function skills be improved over time? Yes. With regular practice and supportive environments, executive skills develop steadily throughout childhood.